Did you respond by clicking on a link in the email to update your payment, or did you go to your device and do it there? Phishing thieves are getting better and better at faking Apple communications so I always try to access services independently of what I see in an email or am told in a phone call. This document explains how to 'Change, add, or remove Apple ID payment methods' on an Apple mobile device, a Mac, or a PC; click here --> https://support.apple.com/HT201266
Make sure your updated information shows in Apple's records. If it does then they should be fairly prompt about trying to charge your new payment form. If you still have problems:
Click here --> https://support.apple.com/choose-country-region/media-services Select your country, then a product. If you don't see one that handles your issue then keep experimenting with selections until you reach one that gets you a chat session or a telephone call and get the representative to redirect you.
or:
Contact Apple for support and service --> "See a list of Apple phone numbers around the world."
Click here --> https://support.apple.com/HT201232
