Not possible for a random number to just be created for two-factor authentication. That's not how it works. Trusted phone numbers don't get automatically added to or randomly created on an account. That is a process you need to go through manually to add the number. You type in a number and it needs to be verified via an SMS message or voice call. Until it's verified, it does not get added to the account.
If you added one and don't remember what it was that is fine, it just can't be a random occurrence. Or just a number you thought up at the time since it needs to be verified.
If you have a device that is already logged in to the Child account, you can go into Settings ➜ Account ➜ Sign In & Security ➜ Two-Factor Authentication and delete the phone number from there and add a new one.
If you don't have a device signed in to the account, then you'll need to go through Account Recovery.
click here ➜ How to use account recovery when you can’t reset your Apple Account password - Apple Support