Can I get my deleted text messages back on my iPhone?

That depends. If you sync messages to iCloud (Settings/[your name]/iCloud - Messages = ON) the answer is no.

If you don’t sync to iCloud, and you have a backup made before the messages were deleted, you can restore that backup to your phone. That will overwrite everything on the phone, however, not just the messages.

Also, if they are SMS messages (green bubble) rather than iMessages (blue bubble), check with your cellular carrier, some retain text messages on their servers.