iPhone/iPad passcode failure updating Apple ID settings

The bottom line: Entering my iPhone and iPad passcodes fail while trying to update Apple ID settings on a new MacBook.  I'm certain the passcodes are correct because I'm using them to unlock the devices. The result is that I can't update my Apple ID settings (although it's unclear why any update should be necessary).

Details: I've just replaced a 2019 MacBook Pro with a 2021 16-inch MacBook Pro (M1 Max, running macOS Monterey version 12.5).  I completed a Time Machine backup on the old machine, unboxed the new one, ran the setup wizard, and restored from the Time Machine backup (all apps, settings, users).  The restoration ran overnight, and seemed to complete successfully. When it finished I was able to log in, run applications, and in all respects but the one that is the subject of this post, things worked as I expected.

To describe the problem: I noticed a "1" badge on the System Preferences app icon, alerting me that something needed my attention.  Opening the app I saw that the Apple ID icon likewise had the "1" badge, and a notice to "Update Apple ID Settings" appeared.  Proceeding to the Apple ID settings and following the dialogs, I was invited to enter my Apple ID password, then another dialog appeared requesting my MacBook login password, and finally my iPad password.  The first two passwords apparently were accepted, but the iPad passcode was not.  This was repeated several times, with the same results.  After several failures with the iPad I was eventually offered the opportunity to enter my iPhone passcode, which likewise failed.

I'm absolutely positive that I'm entering the correct passcodes for both devices, as I'm able to unlock them.  Ideas?