bootloop on sonoma

Once this type of software is installed and embedded into the computer >> Norton antivirus <<

You can spend hours or days hunting down all the bits and pieces of this software and never really get it all off the computer 

Start Over from Scratch 

For Apple Silicon computer >> Use Disk Utility to erase a Mac with Apple silicon.

For Apple Intel computers >>   Use Disk Utility to erase an Intel-based Mac followed by How to reinstall macOS

Always make a Time Machine Backup  before  proceeding 

If going this route - I suggest Not using Startup Assist to migrate everything back.

This will probably Re-Introduce ( Norton Antivirus ) back into the Operating System 

Third Party Security Software 

There are no known Windows-like Viruses in the wild that self replicate and affect macOS, because of the underling UNIX  Foundation and Permission Limitation. 

The Operating System resides in a Sealed and Read Only Volume that cannot be opened by the User nor by Third Party Applications.

The Only thing this Antivirus software is protecting is the Bank Account of the Developers and for zero return to the User aside from the problems this software creates.

Security. Built right in

Mac app security enhancements

The Built in Security  is all that is required to protect the computer.

Protecting against malware in macOS

IMHO - There has been sufficient advise offered for the User ( you ) to make an informed and educated choice what remedial actions are  required for this computer.

What the user ( you ) decides to do with this advise is really up to them

The suggestions have been put forth on a volunteer basis, in good faith and in the best interests of the computer.

Will make a Technical assessment

Barring a Computer Hardware issue, which we can't rule out .

Doing a Re-installation from within Recovery Mode would lay down a fresh version of macOS 14.xx Sonoma over the Top of the Existing Installation

Sometimes referred to as an " In-Place Re-Installation "

In theory, it will not touch your Setting, preferences, personal data files etc.

It will generally also not touch, alter, modify or remove your already Installed Applications including " Norton antivirus "

Need we say more . This is not intended to be a flippant comment but rather a technical assessment

What is the exact model of this Mac? I have a suspicion it is an M-series Mac from the way you described the issue. You can get the exact model by clicking the Apple menu & selecting "About This Mac", or if you cannot log in, then enter the system serial number on the check coverage page here (do not post the serial number on the forum since it is considered personal information):

Check Your Service and Support Coverage - Apple Support

If you erased the disk before resintalling macOS, then Norton is no longer the problem. If you did not erase it, then...yes, Norton could be at fault (or some other third party software).

You can always try booting into Safe Mode to see if it will allow you to finish booting & log in.

As per suppled image

Have never seen a Sonoma version 19.3.01

Apple has only arrived at Sequoia 15.1 released October 28, 2024

That would make this Unknown 19.3.01 something to be of great concern

FYI, I have seen multiple boot loops with the M-series Macs and they are indeed very frustrating since you are unable to detect any usable clues to figure out the problem unlike older Macs. However, I have found two things which can help:

Clear the NVRAM using the command line while booted into Recovery Mode:

nvram  -c

Sometimes a person may configure a legal setting through the GUI and a macOS update could break things (happened to my organization a couple of times). It happened to be a display related setting which prevented the system from booting or even showing video on the screen after a few boot loops. If it still won't boot & you cannot access the Startup Options screen again, then clear the NVRAM again, but this time choose Shutdown. I like to first press the Caps Lock key so its LED is lit so when the system powers down the LED will go out so I know when it is completely powered down. Then press & hold the power button to access the Startup Options screen.

The second thing which can sometimes help if you cannot even access the Startup Options screen would be to perform a DFU firmware Revive which resets the security enclave chip & system firmware. This may give you one chance to boot into the Startup Options screen....if the system tries to boot normally or even in Safe Mode, then it may pull in a setting & get stuck again until you perform another DFU firmware Revive. Unfortunately the DFU firmware Revive requires access to another Mac capable of running the latest version of macOS which at the moment is Sequoia. Again, after authenticating to "Activate the Mac" after the DFU firmware Revive, it is best to choose Shutdown if you wish to boot to the Startup Options screen.

Third item which can help is reinstalling macOS over top of itself. Most times this won't do anything because the OS system volume is now a read-only signed & sealed volume, but it must affect some unprotected boot or configuration files and possibly the NVRAM as well.

This all illustrates why backups are more important than ever before, because there are a lot more new ways to permanently lose access to the data stored on the internal SSD due to all the hardware, software, and security changes. The data many times will still be there, but there is no way to access the data.

Hope these tips may help you & others in the future.