Conceptually, there's nothing wrong with the formula itself, so it must be something to do with the cell references or values.
It would be far easier if we had some idea of the data you're working with since it isn't clear what data/cells you're referencing.
While Numbers' penchant for 'friendly' references by name, it makes it harder to troubleshoot remotely since it isn't clear whether, for example 'Previous Date' is the intersection of the 'Previous' column and 'Date' row, or if it's a reference to a column headed 'Previous Date'
Since you're using it in an ISBLANK() function, and ISBLANK only works on cells (not ranges), I have to assume that 'Previous Date' is a cell reference, but then you use it as an an input to the XLOOKUP, which is fine, but it isn't then clear what data you're trying to extract.
Even a screenshot of your sheet would help (data can be obfuscated if it matters)