Try clearing the NVRAM using the following command in the Terminal app:
sudo nvram -c
This command will prompt you for your admin password. Nothing will appear on the screen as you type the password, so press the "Return" key to submit the password.
You may see a message about not being able to clear a couple of items such as "Computer Name" which can be normal. As long as the command itself did not fail, then it cleared the NVRAM (aka PRAM). You need to reboot the laptop in order for the system to pull the default values. You will need to reconfigure the default Startup Disk in System Settings to avoid the small delay as the system searches for bootable volumes.
If this still does not help, then try covering the camera area of the screen....it is where the Ambient Light Sensor is located. You will see the screen dim. Adjust the brightness higher while still covering the camera area. This may allow you to restore the screen's brightness to more normal levels.
You can also turn off "Dim display automatically" in the Display System Settings.