This is an Excel color palette. Was this an imported spreadsheet?
The only way I recall to get the normal color palette is to start a new document and copy/paste everything over to it.
If your document is a single sheet, copy/paste the entire sheet to the new document or Select All and copy/paste all objects from the sheet to a sheet in the new document.
If your document is multiple sheets and no formulas or charts on a sheet reference cells on other sheets, repeat that process for the other sheets.
If your document is multiple sheets with formulas or charts that reference other sheets, move everything that is interrelated to one sheet then copy/paste the sheet to the new document. (Use Cut/Paste to move objects from one sheet to another.)