Could Not Set Up Apple Pay - An error occurred while setting up Apple Pay - iPhone 15 Pro

Apple Pay worked fine on my iPhone 15 Pro for several months. Then I remember at some point seeing something about "Updating card info" when I tried to use Apple Pay. After several days of it still saying it was updating card info, I removed the card from the Wallet. However I have not been able to add it back since, and am now unable to add any credit card (including Apple Card).

I have checked with my bank, and it is definitely not an issue with my card. I have the same card set up successfully on Apple Pay on my Mac and Apple Watch. On my iPhone 15 Pro, the Wallet app gives the following error before I can even enter any card details:

Could Not Set Up Apple Pay - An error occurred while setting up Apple Pay

I have tried everything that I have found in the Support Community so far:

• Signing out from my Apple ID and signing back in
• Changing the region and changing it back to my region
• Restarting the iPhone
• Tapping the image instead of ADD in the Wallet app

Thanks in advance for any other ideas.